Twice in the past few months I have been presented with dogs that have ingested xylitol. Fortunately, both dogs were treated and are now doing well. These episodes have made me more aware of the increased availability of xylitol containing products and the ease at which dogs can ingest them. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Poison Control Center has documented an increasing number of cases of xylitol toxicity. Xylitol is a sweetener found in sugar-free gum, mints, and baked goods. It is safe for human consumption and is popular as a sugar substitute for those on a low-carbohydrate diet and people with diabetes mellitus. It was found in all but one brand of sugar-free gum that I checked at the grocery store. Both dogs that I treated had ingested gum. Households with dogs would be better off not purchasing xylitol containing products. Xylitol in humans is absorbed slowly and has no effect on blood sugar or insulin level. Because it is safe in people, there are no warnings on products containing xylitol. In dogs, xylitol is absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream stimulating insulin release and thus a severe drop in blood sugar, sometimes within 30 minutes of ingestion. Signs of hypoglycemia include depression, in coordination, and seizures. More recently, it has been found that there is also the possibility of liver failure in some dogs. Dogs that developed liver failure showed signs of vomiting, lethargy, and bleeding disorders (bruising, nose bleeds, gastrointestinal bleeding). Any dog suspected of consuming xylitol or showing any of the signs described should be examined immediately. Blood tests can determine if a dog is hypoglycemic or in liver failure. The prognosis is good for hypoglycemia if treated. Liver failure and bleeding disorders carry a poor prognosis. LINK: www.ladybugslegacy.org